Globally, congenital heart defects are the most common type of congenital disability. Among these defects, single ventricle defects are particularly challenging. They often require staged surgical procedures like the Glenn procedure to improve circulation and ensure adequate oxygenation. The bidirectional Glenn procedure is a critical surgical intervention for infants born with complex congenital heart defects.

The success rate of the Glenn procedure is generally high, with reported survival rates of around 90% or higher. However, the timing of the procedure can significantly impact its effectiveness and the overall outcomes for the child.

This blog will explore why timing matters in the Glenn procedure and the outcomes associated with different timing strategies.

What is the Glenn Procedure?

The Glenn (or bidirectional Glenn) procedure is an operation to improve how blood flows through a heart that has a small left or right side (either the valve that connects the upper chamber to the lower chamber or the pumping chamber itself). Connecting your child’s superior vena cava to their pulmonary arteries allows blood that needs oxygen to go straight to your child’s lungs.

The superior vena cava brings oxygen-poor blood back from the upper body. Usually, this blood would go through the heart chambers and then to the pulmonary artery to get oxygen.

The Glenn surgery allows blood to bypass a problematic area in the heart to get oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Dr. Dinesh Mittal is a renowned cardiac surgeon in India known for his expertise in performing complex surgeries, including the Glenn procedure for congenital heart defects. With years of experience and a focus on patient-centered care, he has successfully treated numerous patients, improving their quality of life.

What does the Glenn Procedure do?

The bidirectional Glenn procedure improves blood circulation in people with a congenital (present at birth) heart defect that keeps them from having a normal circulation route through their heart. Usually, the issue is a single ventricle defect, which means one of your heart’s valves or lower chambers (which pump blood) isn’t working right or is too small to be effective.

When is the Glenn procedure done?

The Glenn procedure is typically performed on infants with certain congenital heart defects to improve lung blood flow. Surgeons aim to perform this procedure when the child is between 3 and 6 months old, generally not younger than two months.

The optimal timing for the Glenn procedure is often three to six months after the initial neonatal operation. This timing is crucial for improving the child’s circulation, especially in cases where the condition necessitates the procedure during the neonatal period.

During the neonatal period, if a child’s condition requires intervention to improve circulation, the Glenn procedure becomes a critical component of their treatment plan. This procedure is particularly beneficial for children with single ventricle defects, where one of the heart’s chambers or valves is underdeveloped or malfunctioning.

Dr. Mittal explains, “Our goal is always to provide the best possible care for each child. By carefully evaluating the timing of the Glenn procedure and considering all factors, we can optimize the chances of success and improve the child’s quality of life.”

Overall, the Glenn procedure is a vital step in treating complex congenital heart diseases, and its timing is carefully considered to ensure the best possible outcomes for the child’s heart health and overall well-being.

What does a Glenn Procedure Treat?

Glenn procedure is performed to treat the following heart defects:

• Pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum
• Tricuspid atresia (tricuspid valve that didn’t form between chambers)
• Double inlet left or right ventricle
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• Unbalanced atrioventricular canal defects
• Some forms of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (pulmonary artery and aorta in the wrong place, and the valves and ventricles connect improperly)

“I cannot thank Dr. Mittal enough for his expertise and care during my son’s Glenn procedure. From our first consultation to post-operative care, he was always there, explaining every step and reassuring us. Today, my son is thriving, all thanks to Dr. Mittal and his team. I highly recommend him to anyone facing similar challenges.” – Mrs. Sharma, a grateful parent.

What is the Cost of the Bidirectional Glenn Procedure in India?

The cost of this procedure ranges from INR 3,00,000 to INR 8,00,000 ($4,000 to $11,000). However, the cost can vary based on several factors, such as:

• Hospital Reputation and Location: Costs may differ between hospitals based on their reputation and location within India.
• Surgeon’s Fees: Experienced surgeons may charge higher procedure fees.
• Anesthesia Charges: Anesthesia fees are typically included in the total cost of the procedure.
• Duration of Hospital Stay: Longer hospital stays can increase overall costs.
• Pre-operative Investigations: Costs for pre-operative tests and evaluations are usually additional.
• Post-operative Care: Follow-up consultations and medications may add to the total cost.

Thus, consulting with the hospital directly for an accurate estimate is advisable.

Conclusion

Understanding the best time for a child to undergo the Glenn procedure is crucial for healthcare providers, parents, and caregivers involved in the care of infants with congenital heart defects. The timing of the procedure can significantly impact the child’s long-term health and quality of life.

Factors such as the child’s age, overall health, and the complexity of their heart defect play a critical role in determining the optimal timing for the Glenn procedure. Collaboration between medical professionals and families is essential in making informed decisions prioritizing the child’s well-being.

FAQs

1. Can the Glenn procedure be performed on adults?

The Glenn procedure is primarily performed on infants and children with congenital heart defects. It is not typically performed on adults.

2. What are the risks associated with the Glenn procedure?

Like any surgical procedure, the Glenn procedure carries risks such as bleeding, infection, and complications related to anesthesia.

3. How long does the Glenn procedure take to perform?

The duration of the Glenn procedure can vary but generally takes 2-4 hours to complete.

4. Is the Glenn procedure a cure for congenital heart defects?

The Glenn procedure is a palliative procedure that helps improve blood flow and oxygenation but is not a cure for congenital heart defects.

5. Are there any lifestyle changes required after the Glenn procedure?

Following the Glenn procedure, patients may need to take medications and undergo regular medical check-ups. However, specific lifestyle changes may not be necessary in all cases.

Explore more blogs: What Heart Defects Can Be Treated With The Glenn Procedure?