Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a term for a range of heart defects present from birth. These defects affect the heart’s structure and function, impacting blood flow through the heart and to the rest of the body. CHD is slightly more common in males than in females. Symptoms can vary and might include difficulties with breathing, cyanosis (bluish skin colour), and heart murmurs. It affects approximately 1 in 100 to 1 in 200 live births, making it one of the most common congenital disorders.

To treat these defects, congenital cardiac surgery is often required. This specialised surgery aims to correct or repair the structural abnormalities in the heart. It can involve procedures to close holes, repair or replace valves, or correct abnormal blood flow pathways. Advances in surgical techniques and technology have greatly improved outcomes, allowing many individuals with congenital heart disease to lead healthy, active lives.

Why is Congenital Cardiac Surgery Necessary?

Congenital cardiac surgery is necessary to address and correct structural defects that can interfere with the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. Without intervention, these defects can lead to serious complications, including heart failure, poor growth, and reduced oxygen levels in the blood. By repairing or reconstructing the heart’s structures, these surgeries aim to improve blood flow, reduce symptoms, and enhance overall heart function, which is crucial for the patient’s long-term health and quality of life.

What are the Types of Congenital Cardiac Surgeries?

There are several types of congenital cardiac surgeries, each tailored to address specific defects:

• Open Heart Surgery: This involves making a large incision in the chest to access the heart directly. It is used for complex defects requiring significant correction.
• Catheter-Based Procedures: These are less invasive techniques where small catheters are inserted through blood vessels to repair or place devices inside the heart.
• Valve Repair or Replacement: For defects involving heart valves, this surgery aims to repair damaged valves or replace them with artificial ones.

How is Congenital Cardiac Surgery Performed?

Congenital cardiac surgery is typically performed under general anaesthesia. For more complex cases, open heart surgery may be required, which involves stopping the heart temporarily and using a heart-lung machine to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation. Surgeons then repair or reconstruct the heart structures as needed. For less invasive procedures, catheter-based methods are used to make repairs through small incisions, minimising recovery time and reducing overall risk.

What are the Risks and Complications of Congenital Cardiac Surgery?

Like any major surgery, congenital cardiac surgery involves risks and potential complications, such as infection, bleeding, adverse reactions to anaesthesia, and heart-related issues. While modern surgical techniques have greatly improved safety, close monitoring and follow-up care are essential for managing any complications and ensuring the best possible outcomes.

Regarding the survival rate for babies undergoing open heart surgery, medical advancements have significantly increased success rates. In many cases, the survival rate for congenital heart surgery in infants exceeds 90%, depending on the complexity of the defect and the baby’s overall health.

What is the Recovery Time for a Baby After Heart Surgery?

Recovery time for a baby after heart surgery varies based on the type of surgery and the baby’s overall health. Typically, babies spend several days in the intensive care unit (ICU) post-surgery for monitoring. Hospital stays can range from a few days to a few weeks. Full recovery at home may take several months, during which time regular follow-up visits are essential.

Many parents find remarkable improvements in their child’s health following congenital cardiac surgery. As Dr. Dinesh Kumar Mittal notes, “We often see significant enhancements in a child’s well-being post-surgery. One parent shared, “After our baby’s congenital heart surgery, we were amazed at how quickly he started to improve. Dr. Dinesh and his team provided exceptional care, and we felt supported every step of the way. Now, our little one is thriving and enjoying life just like any other child. We’re incredibly grateful to him.”

How to Care for a Baby After Surgery?

Caring for a baby after heart surgery involves several key steps:

• Follow Medical Advice: Adhere to the instructions provided by healthcare professionals, including medication schedules and follow-up appointments.
• Monitor for Complications: Watch for signs of infection, changes in behaviour, or difficulties with feeding and breathing.
• Provide Comfort: Ensure the baby is comfortable and has a calm environment to aid in recovery.
• Maintain Hygiene: Keep the surgical site clean and follow guidelines to prevent infections.

What is the Cost of Congenital Cardiac Surgery in India?

The cost of congenital cardiac surgery in India varies depending on the complexity of the procedure, the hospital’s location, and the surgeon’s expertise. On average, basic congenital heart defect surgeries can range from INR 2,00,000 to INR 5,00,000 (approximately USD 2,500 to USD 6,000 USD).

More complex surgeries, involving advanced technology or extensive repairs, may cost between INR 5,00,000 and INR 15,00,000 (approximately USD 6,000 to USD 18,000 USD). These estimates generally include the cost of the surgery, hospital stay, and essential post-operative care, though additional expenses for pre-operative tests, medications, and follow-up visits may also apply. For accurate pricing, it is advisable to consult specific hospitals or medical centres directly.

FAQs

1. How Long Does a Typical Congenital Cardiac Surgery Take?

It can range from 2 to 6 hours, depending on the complexity of the heart defect being repaired.

2. What are the Signs That My Baby Might Need Congenital Cardiac Surgery?

Signs include difficulty breathing, poor weight gain, cyanosis, and heart murmurs detected during routine check-ups.

3. How Do I Know If My Baby Is Ready to Leave the ICU After Surgery?

Your baby will need to stabilise in terms of heart function, breathing, and overall condition before transitioning from the ICU to a regular hospital room.

4. What Are the Typical Follow-Up Tests After Congenital Cardiac Surgery?

Follow-up tests often include echocardiograms, ECGs, and other imaging studies to detect any complications.

5. What Is the Average Length of Hospital Stay After Heart Surgery for Infants?

The average length of hospital stay after heart surgery for infants is typically around 5 to 7 days.

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