Emphysema Treatment in Delhi: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

Emphysema, a chronic lung condition, significantly impacts individuals worldwide, particularly in regions with high smoking rates. This disease, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), damages lung air sacs, leading to breathing difficulties.

As per the World Health Organization (WHO), COPD, including emphysema, ranks as the third most common cause of death globally. However, although emphysema has no cure, various treatments can effectively manage symptoms, enhance life quality, and decelerate disease progression.

What Causes Emphysema?

Emphysema develops gradually and is most often linked to long-term lung irritation. Common causes include:

• Cigarette smoking (primary cause)

• Exposure to second-hand smoke

• Long-term exposure to air pollution

• Occupational exposure to dust, chemical fumes, or industrial smoke

• Biomass fuel exposure (wood, coal, dung smoke in poorly ventilated homes)

• Genetic factors, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (rare)

• Chronic respiratory infections over time

Common Symptoms of Emphysema

Symptoms usually develop slowly and worsen over time. They may include:

• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity

• Chronic cough (with or without mucus)

• Wheezing

• Chest tightness

• Fatigue and reduced stamina

• Unintended weight loss in advanced stages

• Frequent respiratory infections

Early symptoms are often mistaken for ageing or lack of fitness, which is why many cases go undiagnosed initially.

How Is Emphysema Diagnosed?

Diagnosing emphysema involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests, which include:

• Medical history and physical examination

• Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) to assess lung capacity and airflow

• Chest X-ray to identify lung damage or overinflation

• High-resolution CT scan for detailed imaging of lung tissue

• An arterial blood gas test measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels

• Alpha-1 antitrypsin blood test (in selected patients)

How is Emphysema Treated?

Dr Dinesh Mittal notes, “Emphysema typically worsens over time. Treatment strategies focus on slowing its progression and maximizing the function of the remaining healthy lung tissue. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the individual’s emphysema.”

Treatment options may include:

• Bronchodilators: These medications help relax the muscles around the airways, making breathing easier. They are often used as a first-line treatment for emphysema and COPD.
• Inhaled Corticosteroids: Inhaled steroids can help reduce airway inflammation, which is common in emphysema and COPD. They are often used in combination with bronchodilators.
• Antibiotics: In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial infections that can worsen emphysema symptoms.
  Oxygen Therapy: Supplemental oxygen therapy may be necessary for people with severe emphysema to ensure they get enough oxygen.
• Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction: A one-way valve is placed in the airways to allow air to exit but not enter specific lung sections. This reduces trapped air, easing breathing. However, not all emphysema patients qualify for this intervention.
• Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS): In this procedure, damaged lung tissue is removed, allowing the healthier parts of the lung to function more effectively. LVRS can improve lung function and quality of life in some people with emphysema.
• Lung Transplant: In severe cases of emphysema where other treatments have not been effective, a lung transplant may be considered. However, lung transplants are major surgeries with significant risks and complications.

What Lifestyle Changes Can Help Manage Emphysema?

Managing emphysema can be aided by implementing the following lifestyle changes:

• Smoking Cessation: The most crucial step in managing emphysema is to quit smoking. Smoking cessation can help slow the progression of the disease and improve lung function.
• Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help support overall health and lung function.
• Regular Exercise: Staying active can help improve lung function, strengthen muscles, and reduce breathlessness. It is working with a healthcare provider to develop a safe and effective exercise plan.

A happy patient of Dr Mittal shared, “I have been living with emphysema for several years, and it has been challenging. However, with the help of Dr. Mittal and his team, I have learned how to manage my condition effectively. I am grateful for their support and guidance.”

“Emphysema was a daunting diagnosis for me, but Dr Mittal’s expertise and care have made a significant difference in my life. With the right treatment and lifestyle changes, I feel more in control of my health,” said another patient.

What is the Cost of Treating Emphysema in Delhi?

The cost of mphysema treatment in Delhi varies depending on disease severity, treatment type, hospital category, and duration of care. Below are the current estimated cost ranges in Delhi:

• Medications: The cost of emphysema medications can range from INR 800 – 3,000 per month.
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation: The cost of pulmonary rehabilitation programs can vary, but generally ranges from INR 15,000 to 60,000 for a complete program.
• Oxygen Therapy: The cost of oxygen therapy can vary depending on the type of equipment and duration of use, but may range from INR 6000 to 15,000. 
• Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS): The cost of LVRS can range from INR 4,00,000 – 8,00,000
• Lung Transplant: The cost of a lung transplant can vary, ranging from INR 18,00,000 – 30,00,000 or higher.

Note: Costs may vary across government hospitals, private multispeciality centres, and international patient services in Delhi.

Conclusion

While emphysema is a chronic and progressive disease, several treatments are available that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. By working closely with healthcare providers and making lifestyle changes, people with emphysema can take control of their health and maintain an active lifestyle.

Remember, early diagnosis and treatment are vital to managing emphysema effectively. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of emphysema, such as shortness of breath or chronic cough, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.